![]() Nitrofurantoin was first approved for use in the United States in 1953 and is still in wide use with more than 3 million prescriptions filled yearly. In addition, nitrofurantoin is well absorbed orally and is rapidly excreted in the urine so that drug levels in urine are high while serum levels are minimal, which makes it an appropriate agent to treat urinary tract but not systemic infections. Importantly, antibacterial resistance to nitrofurantoin is rare, which makes it an attractive choice for long term treatment. Its precise mechanism of action is not known. Nitrofurantoin inhibits several bacterial enzyme systems and has broad antibacterial activity. Structurally, nitrofurantoin (nye" troe fure an' toyn) is a nitrated 5-member furan ring with a side chain of hydantoin.
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